Archive for the ‘Chad Ratliff’ category

Ranking Talent

August 29th, 2010

Earlier this month, the L.A. Times rattled the education sector by publishing a value-added analysis of 6,000 elementary school teachers in Los Angeles—complete with names and pictures. The blogosphere blew up. (here’s an aggregate list but don’t miss this and this) Even the Secretary of Education weighed in.

But that’s not the topic of this post. This morning, The Times kicked it up another notch by actually ranking those teachers. Among many other things, this will certainly be framed up as yet another attempt to shove perceived business principles down the throats of public educators.

But is this an accepted business principle?

The article, “Why Comparing Workers to their Peers Can Often Backfire“, appeared last week over at Knowledge@Wharton. Here’s a quote (emphasis mine)…

It’s often assumed that employees who are benchmarked against each other work harder, to either hang onto a high ranking or raise a low ranking. However, Iwan Barankay, a management professor at Wharton [School of Business], calls that assumption into question in a new study titled, “Rankings and Social Tournaments: Evidence from a Field Experiment.”

“Many managers think that giving workers feedback about their performance relative to their peers inspires them to become more competitive — to work harder to catch up, or excel even more. But in fact, the opposite happens,” says Barankay, whose previous research and teaching has focused on personnel and labor economics.

And further…

Barankay notes in his paper that future work needs to be done to test the effect of rankings in other work environments and “also to explore whether the underlying parameters can be recovered to pinpoint more detailed mechanisms in the data. Only then can we establish if targeted feedback that takes into account the underlying [differences among workers] can be established to generate a positive casual effect on performance.” At this stage, however, “the aggregate result is that feedback about rank is detrimental to performance,” he writes.

The article concludes with this paragraph…

The critical lesson for employers is to consider how each employee will respond to feedback and then decide whether sharing that information will be beneficial for everyone involved. “A good employer knows its employees very well and should have a good idea how they will respond to the prospect of being ranked,” he says. “The key is to devote more time to thinking about whether to give feedback, and how each individual will respond to it. If, as the employer, you think a worker will respond positively to a ranking and feel inspired to work harder, then by all means do it. But it’s imperative to think about it on an individual level.”

Sound familiar? Admittedly, the caveat here is Barankay’s position is based on peer ranking as a motivational tool independent of pay, but that actually makes the analysis comparable to the L.A. story—at least for now. However, with regard to financial rewards (albeit outside the scope of this post), the following is noteworthy…

Barankay’s interest in rankings as a motivational tool intensified during the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, which “showed us that offering employees financial incentives based on their performance can have unintended consequences,” he notes, referring to the sky-high bonuses earned on Wall Street in the run-up to the downturn.

But, to me, the bigger idea is the imperative of individualism. Doesn’t it always seem to land there? In fact, I’m willing to bet that notion, by way of instructional differentiation inside classrooms, is partially responsible for lofting certain teachers to the top side of the rankings in the first place.

Unfortunately, though, this is where armchair pundits often miss the mark—but it’s not their fault. The public education sector is collectively larger than the GDP of many developed countries and it’s not easy to think about change at the micro-level. But that’s exactly what we must do. If policy is to be grounded in believing every child can learn, should we also assume every teacher can learn—to teach? If not, what’s the distinction?

Whether ranking talent is effective performance management—in education or business—remains unclear at best. However, the ethics of publicly ranking teachers is far less so.

And, finally, I again find the worlds of business and education aren’t as far apart as we sometimes think.

-Chad Ratliff

Update: Richard Lee Colvin makes one heck of a point via Twitter.

If You Aren’t Alarmed, You Aren’t Paying Attention

March 8th, 2010

“Just out: Economic Report of the President. If you aren’t alarmed, you aren’t paying attention” read a tweet that cascaded down my screen.  The good dean is not known for hyperbole, so I indeed paid attention.

The Economic Report of the President is an annual report written by the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers.   It’s an incredibly comprehensive document measuring the nation’s economic progress, and ultimately serves as a guide for the Administration’s domestic and economic policies.

Think there’s anything about education in there?   Better believe it.  Bits of K12′s past, present, and future are embedded.   That’s because—as much as it pains us to admit—education and business are inextricable.   There are very smart people who disagree, but I often worry that we’re not doing enough to connect the two.  Nevertheless, whether we choose to include future workforce preparation in our own educational philosophy or not, let’s take a look at how it fits into this year’s report.

The ghost of education’s past rears its head in the chart below, which shows unemployment rates for whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.   Unemployment for whites has actually been on the decline since October 2009, peaking at 9.4 percent.   In contrast, the rate for blacks and Hispanics continues to rise—last measured at 16 percent and 13 percent respectively.   Interestingly, the unemployment gap, like the the achievement gap, remains largely unchanged since 1990.   Perhaps there’s a relationship between the two.

The report also cites the sectoral shifts currently changing the nature of work—and how the “Great Recession has aggravated this already challenging trend.”  It further reads, “the United States is increasingly a knowledge-based society where workers produce services using analytical skills.  The changing economy offers tremendous opportunities for American workers in high technology, in the new clean energy economy, in health care, and in other high-skill fields.”

The less-sexy part of this phenomenon doesn’t sell as many books or warrant as many educonference presentations:  The labor market is also changing.  As stated in the report, “The prototypical American career once involved working for a single employer for many years, backed by a union that bargained for steady wage increases and for a pension that promised a stable, guaranteed income in retirement.”  Now, however,  “fewer than one in seven workers belongs to a union, and most people can count on changing employers several times over their careers.”  That trend is also expected to continue

What’s the problem?  Retirement.  Most pension plans now are “defined contribution“—meaning only employer contributions to the account are guaranteed, not the future benefits.   In other words, an individual who’s not financially savvy is screwed.

The educational attainment-to-income data is also in there, which most of us have seen before.  But, just in case you haven’t:  The more education someone has, the more money they’ll make.

What’s more striking is this chart:

For many years, there were more educated workers than demand for them.  But, as the trend stagnated, younger generations weren’t graduating at higher rates than older generations.  The trend led to income inequalities simply because a lower supply of college educated workers increased wages for high-skill jobs, subsequently dropping pay for lower-skill jobs needing less education.

A continuance of this trend will affect us more than we often consider.  The economics of education go beyond preparing children for the workforce, or even maintaining economic superiority.   Malcolm Gladwell describes the concept of the dependency ratio in this classic New Yorker piece.  What do you think the U.S. dependency ratio will look like when Baby Boomers retire?  Heathcare reform might help, but it’s not a fix.  Neither is education—at least not in it’s current state.

In the end, Dean Bruner and I were likely looking at this report through very different lenses, but his warning still rings true.   Education, like our economy, is in a period of transition.  Policy debates are raging across the country and even across my own state.  Politicization creates false dichotomies and we must maintain the ability to see the gray area.  We owe it to the next generation—in more ways than we realize.

Chad Ratliff is the Assistant Director of Instruction and Innovation Projects at Albemarle County Public Schools in Virginia.

Charter Schools: A Primer For Virginians

January 13th, 2010

Newly minted Secretary of Education Gerard Robinson will introduce two words new to most Virginians outside of Albemarle County and Arlington: charter schools. In this Op Ed, well-known education policy analyst Andy Rotherham of the think tank Education Sector notes:

The governor-elect can change that and bring more federal education dollars into Virginia. In Albemarle County, Superintendent Pam Moran is using chartering to improve the schools, and in Arlington, parents used to sleep on the sidewalks waiting in line for that county’s choice options. There is demand and need for more public options in Virginia.

This issue will likely be a hot-topic during the 2010 General Assembly and throughout the Commonwealth in the coming months.  There will also be lots of “reform grammar” that constituents will need to work though, so, let’s start with the fundamentals–what charter schools are, and what they are not.
Charter schools are indeed public schools–supported by public funding–so let’s move forward with the primer.  Josh Cook, a teacher/leader at Green Dot Animo Justice in South Central, L.A. (full bio), drafted the following series of posts for Edurati Review several months ago. Let’s go there next…

Josh’s series is certainly not meant to serve as evidence in one way or another on whether charter schools are right for Virginia (or anywhere else), but merely as way to build some background knowledge for lots of discussion to follow.   There are plenty of opinions on the charter model–and even a little research.  We’ll be exporing those at a later time.  Until then…

Economic Crisis: Education’s Challenge, or Opportunity?

December 23rd, 2009

Collaboratively authored by Chad Ratliff and Pam Moran; originally posted on Customized Leadership.

Schools of our past are over. The biggest survival challenge facing educators right now is not Economic Storm ’09. It’s designing contemporary learning spaces for today’s learners. We understand our young people will be members of a national workforce competing in a global economy. They also need the skill-sets to be leaders and members of a global community. The needs of contemporary learners demand more from the education sector than ever before.

We educators know well that the human drive to learn and participate in a community runs deep. Over time, in villages and towns across the globe, this drive morphed into the place we know today as school. Tinkering around with schedules, room arrangements, new strategies, and different learning resources has become second nature for educators. Few of us have imagined schools being downsized, privatized, outsourced, or virtualized as has occurred within many companies in Corporate America. But, fellow Americans who worked in the steel mills of Pittsburgh or provided tech support in Silicon Valley once believed in the security of their workplaces, too.

John Maeda writes, “Boundaries that separate disciplines appear to be solid lines but up close are really dashed, and ready to cross.” Whether across our classrooms or across sectors –we can no longer afford to see only solid lines. To do so puts our profession, our children, and our society at risk. Contemporary learners will need to solve increasingly complicated global problems crossing geopolitical boundaries: poverty, water shortages, conflicts, and global climate change—to only name a few. Inside our borders, the rapid shift from manufacturing toward a project-driven service economy is clear. Contemporary learners will need to work collaboratively and be able to think quickly, critically, and creatively. And, whether young people leave or choose to stay and take non-fungible jobs in our local communities, they depend on us to equip them for successful entry into the workforce or college, or both. We can’t wait for the federal and state governments to make this happen. This is our job. Right here. Right now.

We must do everything we can to accelerate learning. This means eliminating the distance between learners and learning –a distance traditionally defined by the ratio of 1 teacher to 25 students or so. Today, the distance between learners and learning can be dramatically reduced. Great technological tools in the hands of youth can shift the learning distance from 1 to 25 to 1 to 1—no learning downtime, no arbitrary time limits. Young people should not have to power down when they come to school or stop learning when they leave. Neither should we.

Technology coupled with great learning practices accelerates achievement. So, how can we embrace technology to accelerate our work with young people in contemporary learning spaces? We can take down filters and facilitate social learning networks to create global learning communities. We can put handhelds, netbooks, livescribe pens, smart phones and other technologies in the hands of students and educators. We can learn how to best use these tools together, inside and outside of the place we call school. Indulging any resistance to using technology as tools for learning and administrative work can no longer be an option. If we attempt to maintain the schools of our past in a contemporary learning world, we will likely consign our schools to a Darwinian future in which all who can abandon them will do so for a continuum of customized options that we educators appear loathe to offer. Schools as we know them could become as obsolete as steel mills.

So, how do we turn the Economic Storm ’09 into an opportunity rather than a challenge of epic proportion? We must use the resources we have available to support innovation zone work—teachers and students aligned in research and development; figuring out learning for our future. This means redirecting limited resources to fund innovation projects: setting up model learning spaces, creating design labs to tinker with new approaches to curricula, and encouraging educational entrepreneurs in both public and private sectors. We cannot be afraid to fail, we cannot be afraid to learn, and we cannot be afraid to change.

If we transform our schools so that the distance between learners and learning truly becomes 1 to 1, we’ll create a learning grid that powers a future for our young people which exceeds our wildest dreams. After all, isn’t that why we’re here? It’s important to consider that doing nothing is a choice. Maintaining the status quo is a choice. What choices will we make? What choice will you make?

Dr. Pamela Moran (@pammoran) is the Superintendent of Albemarle County Public Schools and Chad Ratliff (@chadratliff) is the Assistant Director of Instruction and Innovation Projects.

Dems For Ed Reform Board Member To Be Named Obama’s ‘Border Czar’

April 15th, 2009

From the DFER Press Release:

Alan Bersin, a member of the DFER’s Board of Directors, today will be named to direct the Obama administration’s policy on illegal immigration and drug-related violence along the U.S. border with Mexico.

Bersin, the former superintendent of the San Diego City Schools and former California Secretary of Education, served in a similar “border czar” capacity in the U.S. Justice Department under President Clinton. The role today falls under the Department of Homeland Security.

“Alan is a lifelong Democrat whose family didn’t even consider crossing Al Shanker’s picket lines back when he was growing up in Brooklyn. He nonetheless led the way as one of the nation’s first ‘non-traditional’ big city school leaders in illustrating the significant rift within the Democratic Party on the issue of education reform,” said Joe Williams, DFER executive director. “He took a lot of hits for pointing out what should have been obvious, but he helped lead the way for the kind of thoughtful, progressive work that many Democrats are doing in education today.”

Bersin has served on DFER’s board since its formal launch in 2007.

Democrats for Education Reform (DFER) is a political action committee whose mission is to encourage a more productive dialogue within the Democratic Party on the need to fundamentally reform American public education. DFER operates on all levels of government to educate elected officials and support reform-minded candidates for public office.

Dropping a Deuce: Second Look at VA Gubernatorial Hopefuls on School Policy

March 16th, 2009

Brian Moran’s claim to education fame is his being crowned the 2007 Virginia PTA’s Child Advocate of the Year. This honor will continue earning him brownie points from the not-so-eduwonky crowd, as it already has over at the New Dominion Project. That’s significant.

Moran’s father was a high school government teacher, earning him a little street cred’ with educators. Notably, he grabbed the endorsement of Dr. Thomas Brewster, a leading practitioner in public schools and no stranger to public office. Brewster cites Moran’s leadership role in Virginia history’s largest K-12 investment, and his support of the Whole Child educational initiative as factors in his decision to endorse.

I’m actually quite surprised at how the Dem candidates are blurring the outlines of Virginia’s education circles. From reformer to retiree, opinions are scattered and often overlap. The robotic ambiguity of early rhetoric certainly factors. All three candidates are especially enthusiastic about pre-k, access to higher-ed, and good teachers. Cutting edge stuff.

So far, Moran seems to be walking the line even more carefully than his rivals. According to this piece in the Richmond Times-Dispatch, Terry McAullife has taken a pretty strong position against charter schools while Creigh Deeds voices support.

It’s important to remember that Obama shrugged off the NEA during his campaign. Democratic primary candidates for Governor can’t afford to be that brazen, or can they? Union endorsement lost its luster? Could we actually be witnessing Virginia Dems strategizing the bore issue of education?

If so, McAuliffe seems to be positioning himself next to the NEA/VEA while Deeds may get a nod from the Obama-Duncan-Warner-Kaine education reformers. Who would you rather have in your corner? Will be interesting to see Brian Moran’s choice.

A Quick Peek at Virginia Governor Hopefuls on School Policy

March 15th, 2009

Following President Obama’s recent speech on education reform, Republicans are scrambling to join-hands-and-sing-praises of peace and bipartisanship while an expanding splinter movement among Democrats has shaken party unity. Popular Senator Mark Warner was one of only two Dems voting keep the DC School Choice program alive. His protégé, current Virginia Governor and next DNC Chairman Tim Kaine, was once on Obama’s short list for Secretary of Education. Toss in a heating Democratic primary race between Terry McAuliffe, Brian Moran, and Creigh Deeds, and—given the next Governor’s potential influence on federal level education policy—you have an exciting race that will have edupolicy wonks across the country tuning in.

Let’s get the party started by reading what each campaign’s website has to say about education. Simply click on the link to go find your way to Edutopia

TerryMcAuliffe, Brian Moran, CreighDeeds

Not much to see here, Folks…stick around. The Dems are just getting cranked up. The GOP’s lone-ranger, however, recently went from parking brake to hammer-down…

Bob McDonnell

The Presumptive Republican nominee’s website reads:

“Bob McDonnell will spend 2009 rolling out exciting new policy proposals that are innovative and solve the problems facing Virginia citizens. From transportation to education to health care, Bob McDonnell will build on his record of results with a positive vision for the future. Please keep checking back here for the official policy rollouts from the campaign this coming spring and summer.”

Despite the lack of specifics on his campaign site, McDonnell wasted no time outlining his ideas of education policy with the following statement released after the Obama speech:

“I applaud President Obama for his leadership in lending his support to timely education innovations such as performance pay for teachers, and increased student access to charter schools. He is right to support efforts to reward excellent teachers and allow parents and students reasonable alternatives in their educational development. As this campaign moves forward I look forward to introducing innovative education policy ideas in the near future. I will be focused on supporting parents and students, recognizing excellent teachers, equipping principals with the tools they need, improving financial accountability, getting more resources into the classroom, and making charter schools more accessible for Virginia’s children. I thank President Obama for moving the public education debate forward with his willingness to look at new ideas. I agree with the President that it is time to find new ways to bring greater choice and accountability into our public education system.”

Pretty clear that Bob is not courting the VEA with this statement. However, I know a few moderate Dems in the education circles who will swing to the right based on school reform and education equality. These are real issues, growing more divisive with every election. Democrats had better pay attention.

About the Founder

December 31st, 2008

Chad Ratliff (@chadratliff) is the Assistant Director of Instruction and Innovation Projects for Albemarle County Schools in Charlottesville, Virginia. Prior to accepting the post, he spent nearly a decade working in a diverse, high-poverty public school division and launched a successful entrepreneurial venture with which he remains involved.

He holds an M.Ed. in Administration and Supervision from the University of Virginia and is an M.B.A. Candidate in Management at Virginia Tech.

As an educator, he launched his division’s first virtual learning program, personal finance curriculum, and cultivated strategic alliances with key community, government, and education agencies to advance opportunities for at-risk youth. Chad also served as the head wrestling coach, was a 3x Most Influential Educator honoree and 7x Coach of the Year recipient while at Martinsville.

Chad was named one of the region’s “Top 20 Emerging Leaders Under the Age of 40″ in 2008 by the Blue Ridge Business Journal and presented with the Distinguished Alumni Award from nationally recognized Patrick Henry Community College.  He was recently appointed by the Virginia Board of Education to serve on the State Advisory Council for Career and Technical Education. He is also the Founder and President of the Spencer Chang Scholarship Foundation and served on the education policy advisory team for a 2009 Virginia gubernatorial candidate.

He is married to Cay Lee Chang Ratliff, who also worked in public education prior to taking a professional break to focus on their two young children and complete graduate studies. They reside in Charlottesville, Virginia.

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